Population/socio-demographic characteristics (all ED events data).
Year
ED events per year have increased over time for both Māori (12.6% to 14.9%, 2006-2012) and non-Māori (12.7% to 15.9%, 2006-2012).
Gender
The gender profile associated with all ED events was similar for Māori (52.5% males and 47.5% females) and non-Māori (53.0% males and 47.0% females).
Age
A higher proportion of Māori ED events were seen in the 0-4 years age group compared to non-Māori (26.4% versus 19.4%). In comparison, a higher proportion of non-Māori ED events were seen in the older age group, particularly 65-74 (7.2% versus 4.0%) and those aged ≥75 (11.8% versus 2.0%).
NZDep06
9% of all Māori ED events were from the 3 most deprived deciles compared to 31.7% of non-Māori ED events.
The highest proportion of both Māori (23.8%) and non-Māori (13.2%) ED events were from decile 10.
The lowest proportion of ED events for both Māori (2.0%) and non-Māori (7.5%) were from decile 1.
Characteristics of presentation (all ED events data).
Arrival mode
1% of Māori ED events arrived via self-presentation compared to 64.8% of non-Māori ED events.
Non-Māori had a slightly higher proportion of arrival into ED via ambulance, police and helicopter compared to Māori (29.2% versus 27.3%).
Referral type
0% of Māori ED events were referred via general practitioner compared to 12.4% of non-Māori ED events.
9% of Māori ED events were via hospital transfer compared to 2.7% for non-Māori.
7% of Māori ED events were through self-referral compared to 71.8% for non-Māori.
Triage category
3% of Māori ED events were triaged to be seen immediately compared to 1.6% of non-Māori ED events.
A higher proportion of non-Māori ED events were triaged to be seen within a shorter timeframe compared to Māori. i.e. 10 minutes (12.0% versus 9.8%) and 30 minutes (33.4% versus 30.8%).
A higher proportion of Māori ED events were triaged to be seen within a longer timeframe compared to non-Māori. i.e. 60 minutes (39.9% versus 37.7%) and 120 minutes (16.1% versus 14.3%).
Predictors/markers of care (First ED events data, average/mean).
The ED arrival to assessment time for Māori patients was 60 mins compared to 62 mins for non-Māori.
The ED LOS (Length of Stay) for Māori patients was 270 mins compared to 296 mins for non-Māori.
The ward LOS for Māori patients was 85 hours compared to 103 hours for non-Māori.
27% of Māori patients encountered access block compared to 34% of non-Māori.
5% of Māori patients died in ED or within 10 days of ED discharge compared to 0.6% of non-Māori patients.
5% of both Māori and non-Maori patients re-presented at ED within 72 hours of ED/ward discharge.
2% of both Māori and non-Māori patients had a hospital readmission within 72 hours of ED/ward discharge.
Regression models (First ED events data).
After controlling for year, gender, age at presentation, triage category, NZDep decile (deprivation), and M3 Index score (comorbidity):
The odds of access block for Māori patients is 0.9 times the odds of access block for non-Māori patients.
The odds of ED re-presentation within 72 hours of ED/ward discharge for Māori patients is 0.9 times the odds of re-presentation for non-Māori patients.
The odds of hospital readmission within 72 hours of ED/ward discharge for Māori patients is 1.0 times the odds of readmission for non-Māori patients.
The odds of death for Māori patients in ED or within 10 days of ED discharge is 1.7 times the odds of death for non-Māori patients.